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Erratum for the Research Article: 'Human COL7A1-corrected induced pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa' by V. Sebastiano, H. H. Zhen, B. Haddad, E. Bashkirova, S. P. Melo, P. Wang, T.
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Full Issue Download Vol. 13 No. 1 2021 The Importance of the Measurement Infrastructure in Economic Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic Richard
J
. C. Brown , Fiona Auty, Eugenio Renedo, Mike King NCSLI Measure | Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) | doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.1 Publisher NCSL International | Published February 2021 | Pages 18-21 Abstract: This paper describes the many, evidenced-based benefits to the economy of a well-developed measurement infrastructure. In particular, it explains how assuring confidence in measurement may be used to accelerate economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic including in emerging sectors such as the digital economy. Recommendations are made for providing near term support for national economic recovery whilst also demonstrating the advantages of sustained development of the measurement infrastructure in the medium-term to maximize the potential of future innovative and disruptive technologies. These recommendations, whilst focused on consideration of the UK, should apply globally. References: [1] G. Tassey, 'Underinvestment in public good technologies,'
J
Technol. Transfer, Vol. 30, pp. 89-113, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-004-4360-0 [2] M. King, and E. Renedo, 'Achieving the 2.4% GDP target: The role of measurement in increasing investment in R&D and innovation,' NPL Report IEA 3, NPL, Teddington, UK, March 2020. [3] M. King and G. Tellett, 'The National Measurement System: A Customer Survey for Three of the Core Labs in the National Measurement System,' NMS Customer Survey Report 2018, NPL Teddington, UK, April 2020 [4] H. Kunzmann, T. Pfeifer, R. Schmitt, H. Schwenke, and A.Weckenmann, 'Productive metrology-adding value to manufacture,' CIRP Annals, vol. 54, pp. 155-168, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60024-9 [5] N. G. Orji, R. G. Dixson, A. Cordes, B. D. Bunday, and
J
. A. Allgair, 'Measurement traceability and quality assurance in a nanomanufacturing environment,' Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing III, Proceedings Vol. 7405, 740505, August 2009. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.826606 [6] Belmana, Analysis for Policy 'Public Support for Innovation and Business Outcomes,' Belmana: London, UK, 2020. [7] R. Hawkins, Standards, systems of innovation and policy in Handbook of Innovation and Standards. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2019. [8] N. Nwaigbo, and M. King, 'Evaluating the Impact of the NMS Consultancy Projects on Supported Firms (Working Paper)' NPL, Teddington, UK, 2020. [9] M. King, R. Lambert, and P. Temple, Measurement, standards and productivity spillovers in Handbook of Innovation and Standards. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2017, p. 162. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783470082.00016 [10] A. Font,
K
. de Hoogh, M. Leal-Sanchez, D. C. Ashworth, R.
J
. C. Brown, A.
L
. Hansell, and G. W. Fuller, 'Using metal ratios to detect emissions from municipal waste incinerators in ambient air pollution data,' Atmos. Environ., vol. 113, pp. 177-186, July 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j
.atmosenv.2015.05.002 [11] S. Giannis, M. R.
L
. Gower, G. D. Sims, G. Pask, and G. Edwards, 'Increasing UK competitiveness by enhancing the composite materials regulatory infrastructure,' NPL Report MAT 90, NPL, Teddington, UK, October 2019. [12] HM Government, UK Research and Development Roadmap, BEIS, London, July 2020. [13] M. R. Mehra, S. S. Desai, F. Ruschitzka, and A. N. Patel, 'Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis,' Lancet, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31180-6 (Print: ISSN 1931-5775) (Online: ISSN 2381-0580) ©2021 NCSL International Smart Power Supply Calibration System Iraj Vasaeli , Brandon Umansky NCSLI Measure | Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) | doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.2 Publisher: NCSL International | Published February 2021 | Pages 22-27 Abstract: This paper details the development of an automated procedure to conduct calibrations of power supplies at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL). The fundamentals of power supply calibrations are given, and discussion on the method by which this custom software handles that calibration. Additionally, this technique provides real time uncertainty quantification of the calibrations. This automated system has demonstrated a time savings over existing automated techniques in use today. References: [1] Keysight, 'Low-Profile Modular Power System Series N6700 Service Guide', Part Number: 5969 2938, Edition 7, January 2015. [2] B. N. Taylor and C. E. Kuyatt, 'Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results', NIST Technical Note 1297, 1994. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.1297 [3] JCGM, 'Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement,' first edition (GUM 1995 with minor corrections),' JCGM 100, 2008. (Print: ISSN 1931-5775) (Online: ISSN 2381-0580) © 2021 NCSL International Computer Aided Verification of Voltage Dips and Short Interruption Generators for Electromagnetic Compatibility Immunity Test in Accordance with IEC 61000-4-11: 2004 + AMD: 2017 Hau Wah Lai , Cho Man Tsui , Hing Wah
Li
NCSLI Measure | Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) | doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.3 Publisher: NCSL International | Published February 2021 | Pages 28-39 Abstract: This paper describes a procedure and a computer-aided system developed by the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL) for verification of voltage dip and short interruption generators in accordance with the international standard IEC 61000-4-11:2004+AMD1:2017. The verification is done by calibrating the specified parameters and comparing with the requirements stated in the standard. The parameters that should be calibrated are the ratios of the residual voltages to the rated voltage, the accuracy of the phase angle at switching, and the rise time, fall time, overshoot and undershoot of the switching waveform. A specially built adapter is used to convert the high voltage output waveforms of the generators to lower level signals to be acquired by a digital oscilloscope. The other circuits required for the testing are also provided. In addition, the paper discusses the uncertainty evaluations for the measured parameters. References: [1] T. Williams, and
K
. Armstrong, 'EMC for Systems and Installations Part 6 - Low-Frequency Magnetics Fields (Emissions and Immunity) Mains Dips, Dropouts, Interruptions, Sags, Brownouts and Swells,' EMC Compliance Journal, August 2000. [2] M.I. Montrose, and E. M. Nakauchi, Testing for EMC Compliance: Approaches and Techniques, Wiley Interscience, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1002/047164465X [3] International Standard IEC 61000-4-11:2004+AMD1:2017:Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4-11: Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests. [4] Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, First Edition JCGM 100:2008. (Print: ISSN 1931-5775) (Online: ISSN 2381-0580) © 2021 NCSL International Validation of the Photometric Method Used for Micropipette Calibration Elsa Batista , Isabel Godinho, George Rodrigues, Doreen Rumery NCSLI Measure | Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) | doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.4 Publisher: NCSL International | Published February 2021 | Pages 40-45 Abstract: There are two methods generally used for calibration of micropipettes: the gravimetric method described in ISO 8655-6:2002 and the photometric method described in ISO 8655-7:2005. In order to validate the photometric method, several micropipettes of different capacities from 0.1 µL to 1000 µL were calibrated using both methods (gravimetric and photometric) in two different laboratories, IPQ (Portuguese Institute for Quality) and Artel. These tests were performed by six different operators. The uncertainty for both methods was determined and it was verified that the uncertainty component that has a higher contribution to the final uncertainty budget depends on the volume delivered. In the photometric method for small volumes, the repeatability of the pipette is the largest uncertainty component, but for volumes, larger than 100 µL, the photometric instrument is the most significant source of uncertainty. Based on all the results obtained with this study, one may consider the photometric method validated. References: [1] ISO 8655-1/2/6/7, Piston-operated volumetric apparatus, 2002. [2] BIPM, International Vocabulary of Metrology, 3rd edition, JCGM 200:2012. [3] George Rodrigues, Bias and transferability in standards methods of pipette calibration, Artel, June 2003. [4] Taylor, et.al. The definition of primary method of measurement (PMM) of the 'highest metrological quality': a challenge in understanding and communication, Accred. Qual.Assur (2001) 6:103-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00010444 [5] EURAMET project 1353, Volume comparison on Calibration of micropipettes - Gravimetric and photometric methods. [6] ASTM E542: Standard Practice for Calibration of laboratory Volumetric Apparatus, 2000. [7] ISO 4787; Laboratory glassware - Volumetric glassware - Methods for use and testing of capacity, 2010 . [8] ISO 13528:2005 - Statistical methods used in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons. [9] BIPM et al, Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), 2nd ed., International Organization for Standardization, Genève, 1995. [10] EURAMET guide, cg 19, - Guidelines on the determination of uncertainty in gravimetric volume calibration, version 3.0, 2012. [11] E. Batista et all, A Study of Factors that Influence Micropipette Calibrations, Measure Vol. 10 No. 1, 2015 https://doi.org/10.1080/19315775.2015.11721717 [12] www.BIPM.org. (Print: ISSN 1931-5775) (Online: ISSN 2381-0580) © 2021 NCSL International Material Flow Rate Estimation in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing G. P. Greeff NCSLI Measure | Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021) | doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.5 Publisher: NCSL International | Published February 2021 | Pages 46-56 Abstract: The additive manufacturing of products promises exciting possibilities. Measurement methodologies, which measure an in-process dataset of these products and interpret the results, are essential. However, before developing such a level of quality assurance several in-process measurands must be realized. One of these is the material flow rate, or rate of adding material during the additive manufacturing process. Yet, measuring this rate directly in material extrusion additive manufacturing presents challenges. This work presents two indirect methods to estimate the volumetric flow rate at the liquefier exit in material extrusion, specifically in Fused Deposition Modeling or Fused Filament Fabrication. The methods are cost effective and may be applied in future sensor integration. The first method is an optical filament feed rate and width measurement and the second is based on the liquefier pressure. Both are used to indirectly estimate the volumetric flow rate. The work also includes a description of linking the G-code command to the final print result, which may be used to create a per extrusion command model of the part. References: [1] T. Wohlers, I. Campbell, O. Diegel,
J
. Kowen, I. Fidan, and D.
L
. Bourell, 'Wohlers Report 2017: 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing State of the Industry Annual Worldwide Progress Report,' 2017. [2] Additive manufacturing -- General principles -- Terminology. Geneva, CH: International Organization for Standardization, 2015. [3] R. Jones et al., 'Reprap - The replicating rapid prototyper,' Robotica, vol. 29, no. 1 SPEC. ISSUE, pp. 177-191, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S026357471000069X [4] T. Wohlers and T. Gornet, 'History of Additive Manufacturing 2017,' 2017. [5] S. A. M. Tofail, E. P. Koumoulos, A. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bose,
L
. O'Donoghue, and C. Charitidis, 'Additive manufacturing: scientific and technological challenges, market uptake and opportunities, 'Materials Today, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 22-37, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/
j
.mattod.2017.07.001 [6] G. Moroni and S. Petrò, 'Managing uncertainty in the new manufacturing era,' Procedia CIRP, vol. 75, pp. 1-2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/
j
.procir.2018.07.001 [7] R. Leach et al., 'Information-rich manufacturing metrology,'in Eighth International Precision Assembly Seminar (IPAS), 2018, no. January. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05931-6_14 [8] S. Moylan,
J
. Slotwinski, A. Cooke,
K
. Jurrens, M. A. Donmez, and A. Donmez, 'Proposal for a Standardized Test Artifact for Additive Manufacturing Machines and Processes,' Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Proceedings, pp. 902-920, 2012. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.7858 [9] ASME Y14.46-2017 Product Definition for Additive Manufacturing. New York:The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. [10] H.
Li
, T. Wang,
J
. Sun, and Z. Yu, 'The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties,' Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 80-92, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-06-2016-0090 [11] A. W. Gebisa and H. G. Lemu, 'Investigating effects of Fused-deposition modeling (FDM) processing parameters on flexural properties of ULTEM 9085 using designed experiment, 'Materials, vol.11, no. 4, pp. 1-23, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040500 PMid:29584674 PMCid:PMC5951346 [12] B. Wittbrodt and
J
. M. Pearce, 'The effects of PLA color on material properties of 3-D printed components,' Additive Manufacturing, vol. 8, pp. 110-116, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/
j
.addma.2015.09.006 [13] O. A. Mohamed, S. H. Masood, and
J
.
L
. Bhowmik, 'Optimization of fused deposition modeling process parameters: a review of current research and future prospects,' Advances in Manufacturing, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 42-53, Mar. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40436-014-0097-7 [14] S.
K
. Everton, M. Hirsch, P. Stravroulakis, R.
K
. Leach and A. T. Clare, 'Review of in-situ process monitoring and in-situ metrology for metal additive manufacturing,' Materials and Design, vol. 95, pp. 431-445, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/
j
.matdes.2016.01.099 [15] P.
K
. Rao,
J
. P. Liu, D. Roberson, Z.
J
. Kong, and C. Williams,'Online Real-Time Quality Monitoring in Additive Manufacturing Processes Using Heterogeneous Sensors,' Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, vol. 137, no. 6, p.061007, Sep. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4029823 [16]
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A. Allard
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Re: orthotopic detaenial sigmoid neobladder after radical cystectomy: technical considerations, complications and functional outcomes:
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, Y-W. Xu, A-B. Xu, B-S. Chen and H-Y. Shen
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Urol 2013; 190: 928–934
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Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > Journal > Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors: D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and has the potential to reduce pollutant emissions due to their oxygenated nature. Lighter alcohols like ethanol and methanol are easily miscible with gasoline and by blending alcohols with gasoline; a part of conventional fuel can be replaced while contributing to fuel economy. Several researchers tested various ethanol blends on different engine test rigs and identified ethanol as one of the most promising ecofriendly fuels for spark ignition engine. Its properties high octane number, high latent heat of vaporization give better performance characteristics and reduces exhaust emissions compared to gasoline. This paper focuses on studying the effects of blending 50 of ethanol by volume with gasoline as it hardly needs engine modifications. Gasoline (E0) and E50 fuels were investigated experimentally on single-cylinder, four-stroke port fuel injection spark ignition engine by varying engine speed from 1500 rpm to 3500 rpm. Performance Characteristics like torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption, and volumetric efficiency and exhaust emissions such as HC, CO, CO2, NOx were studied.. Keywords: Ethanol,Emissions,Gasoline,Port fuel Injection, Refference: I Badrawada, I. G. G., and A. A. P. Susastriawan. 'Influence of ethanol–gasoline blend on performance and emission of four-stroke spark ignition motorcycle.' Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2019): 1-6. II Doğan, Battal, et al. 'The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis.' Applied Thermal Engineering 120 (2017): 433-443. III Efemwenkiekie, U. Ka, et al. 'Comparative Analysis of a Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine Performance Using Local Ethanol and Gasoline Blends.' Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019): 1079-1086. IV Galloni, E., F. Scala, and G. Fontana. 'Influence of fuel bio-alcohol content on the performance of a turbo-charged, PFI, spark-ignition engine.' Energy 170 (2019): 85-92. V Hasan, Ahmad O., et al. 'Impact of changing combustion chamber geometry on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder SI (spark ignition) engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline blends.' Fuel 231 (2018): 197-203. VI Mourad, M., and
K
. Mahmoud. 'Investigation into SI engine performance characteristics and emissions fuelled with ethanol/butanol-gasoline blends.' Renewable Energy 143 (2019): 762-771. VII Singh, Ripudaman, et al. 'Influence of fuel injection strategies on efficiency and particulate emissions of gasoline and ethanol blends in a turbocharged multi-cylinder direct injection engine.' International Journal of Engine Research (2019): 1468087419838393. VIII Thakur, Amit Kumar, et al. 'Progress in performance analysis of ethanol-gasoline blends on SI engine.' Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 69 (2017): 324-340. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR CUSTOMIZED AFO USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Authors: Gamini Suresh,Nagarjuna Maguluri,Kunchala Balakrishna, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00052 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Neurodegenerative conditions and compressed nerves often cause an abnormal foot drop that affects an individual gait and make it difficult to walk normally. Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) is the medical device which is recommended for the patients to improve the walking ability and decrease the risk of falls. Custom AFOs provide better fit, comfort and performance than pre-manufactured ones. The technique of 3D-printing is suitable for making custom AFOs. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D-printing method for custom AFO applications with the desired resistance and material deposition rate. Generally, FDM is a thermal process; therefore materials thermal behaviour plays an important role in optimizing the performance of the printed parts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the thermal behaviour of PLA, ABS, nylon and WF-PLA filaments before manufacturing the AFO components using the FDM method. In the study, the sequence of testing materials provides a basic measuring method to investigate AFO device parts thermal stability. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG and DSC) was carried out before 3D printing is to characterize the thermal stability of each material. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing,Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO),FusedDeposition Modelling,ThermalAnalysis, Refference: I.
J
. Pritchett, 'Foot drop: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology,' Medscape Drugs, Dis. Proced., vol. 350, no. apr27_6, p. h1736, 2014. II.
J
. Graham, 'Foot drop: Explaining the causes, characteristics and treatment,' Br.
J
. Neurosci. Nurs., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 168–172, 2010. III. Y. Feng and Y. Song, 'The Categories of AFO and Its Effect on Patients With Foot Impair: A Systemic Review,' Phys. Act. Heal., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8–16, 2017. IV.
J
. H. P. Pallari,
K
. W. Dalgarno,
J
. Munguia,
L
. Muraru,
L
. Peeraer, S. Telfer, and
J
. Woodburn' Design and additive fabrication of foot and ankle-foot orthoses'21st Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference, SFF 2010 (2010) 834-845 V. Y. Jin, Y. He, and A. Shih, 'Process Planning for the Fuse Deposition Modeling of Ankle-Foot-Othoses,' Procedia CIRP, vol. 42, no. Isem Xviii, pp. 760–765, 2016. VI. R.
K
. Chen, Y. an Jin,
J
. Wensman, and A. Shih, 'Additive manufacturing of custom orthoses and prostheses-A review,' Addit. Manuf., vol. 12, pp. 77–89, 2016. VII. A. D. Maso and F. Cosmi, 'ScienceDirect 3D-printed ankle-foot orthosis : a design method,' Mater. Today Proc., vol. 12, pp. 252–261, 2019. VIII. B. Yuan et al., 'Designing of a passive knee-assisting exoskeleton for weight-bearing,' in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2017, vol. 10463 LNAI, pp. 273–285. IX. R. Spina, B. Cavalcante, and F. Lavecchia, 'Diment LE, Thompson MS, Bergmann JHM. Clinical efficacy and effectiveness of 3D printing: a systematic review.,' AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1960, 2018. X. M. Srivastava, S. Maheshwari, T.
K
. Kundra, and S. Rathee, 'ScienceDirect Multi-Response Optimization of Fused Deposition Modelling Process Parameters of ABS Using Response Surface Methodology ( RSM ) -Based Desirability Analysis,' Mater. Today Proc., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1972–1977, 2017. XI. E. Malekipour, S. Attoye, and H. El-Mounayri, 'Investigation of Layer Based Thermal Behavior in Fused Deposition Modeling Process by Infrared Thermography,' Procedia Manuf., vol. 26, pp. 1014–1022, 2018. XII. A. Patar, N. Jamlus,
K
. Makhtar,
J
. Mahmud, and T. Komeda, 'Development of dynamic ankle foot orthosis for therapeutic application,' Procedia Eng., vol. 41, no. Iris, pp. 1432–1440, 2012. XIII. Y. A. Jin, H.
Li
, Y. He, and
J
. Z. Fu, 'Quantitative analysis of surface profile in fused deposition modelling,' Addit. Manuf., vol. 8, pp. 142–148, 2015. XIV. M. Walbran,
K
. Turner, and A.
J
. McDaid, 'Customized 3D printed ankle-foot orthosis with adaptable carbon fibre composite spring joint,' Cogent Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2016. XV. N. Wierzbicka, F. Górski, R. Wichniarek, and W. Kuczko, 'The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties,' Adv. Sci. Technol. Res.
J
., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 283–288, 2017. XVI. S. Farah, D. G. Anderson, and R. Langer, 'Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review,' Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 107, pp. 367–392, 2016. XVII. S. Wojtyła, P. Klama, and T. Baran, 'Is 3D printing safe ? Analysis of the thermal treatment of thermoplastics : ABS , PLA , PET , and,' vol. 9624, no. April, 2017. XVIII. G. Cicala et al., 'Polylactide / lignin blends,'
J
. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2017. XIX. S. Y. Lee, I. A. Kang, G. H. Doh, H. G. Yoon, B. D. Park, and Q. Wu, 'Thermal and mechanical properties of wood flour/talc-filled polylactic acid composites: Effect of filler content and coupling treatment,'
J
. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 209–223, 2008. XX. Y. Tao, H. Wang, Z.
Li
, P.
Li
, and S. Q. Shi, 'Development and application ofwood flour-filled polylactic acid composite filament for 3d printing,' Materials (Basel)., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1–6, 2017. XXI. D. Lewitus, S. McCarthy, A. Ophir, and S. Kenig, 'The effect of nanoclays on the properties of PLLA-modified polymers Part 1: Mechanical and thermal properties,'
J
. Polym. Environ., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 171–177, 2006. XXII. H.
J
. Chung, E.
J
. Lee, and S. T. Lim, 'Comparison in glass transition and enthalpy relaxation between native and gelatinized rice starches,' Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 287–298, 2002. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CFD STUDIES OF MIXING BEHAVIOR OF INERT SAND WITH BIOMASS IN FLUIDIZED BED Authors: B.
J
.M.Rao,
K
.V.N.S.Rao, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00053 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Agriculture deposits, which remains unused and often causes ecological problems, could play an important role as an energy source to meet energy needs in developing countries ‘ rural areas. Moreover, energy levels in these deposits are low and need to be elevated by introducing efficient operative conversion technologies to utilize these residues as fuels. In this context, the utilization of a fluidized bed innovation enables a wide range of non-uniform-sized low-grade fuels to be effectively converted into other forms of energy.This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of fluidized conversion method for transformation of agricultural by-products such as rice husk, sawdust, and groundnut shells into useful energy. The present investigation was conducted to know the mixing characteristics of sand and fuel have been found by conducting experiments with mixing ratio of rice husk (1:13), saw dust(1:5) and groundnut shells (1:12), the variation of particle movement in the bed and mixing characteristics are analyzed. The impact of sand molecule size on the fluidization speed of two biofuel and sand components is studied and recommended for groundnut shells using a sand molecule of 0.6 mm size and for rice husk, sawdust 0.4 mm sand particle size. Also, establish that the particle size of sand has a significant effect on mingling features in case of sawdust. In the next part of the investigation, the CFD simulations of the fluidized bed are done to investigate the mixing behavior of sand and biomass particles. A set of simulations are conducted by ANSYS FLUENT16; the state of the bed is the same as that of the test. The findings were presented with the volume fraction of sand and biomass particles in the form of contour plots. Keywords: Biomass,sand,mixing behavior,Volume Fraction,CFD model, Refference: I Anil Tekale, Swapna God, Balaji Bedre, Pankaj Vaghela, Ganesh Madake, Suvarna Labade (2017), Energy Production from Biomass: Review, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, ISSN No: – 2456 – 2165. II Anil Kumar, Nitin Kumar , Prashant Baredar , Ashish Shukla (2015), A review on biomass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Reviews 45-530-539. III Zhenglan
Li
, ZhenhuaXue (2015), Review of Biomass Energy utilization technology, 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering. IV Abdeen Mustafa Omer (2011), Biomass energy resources utilisation and waste management, Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development Vol. 3(8), pp. 149 -170 V Rijul Dhingra, Abhinav Jain, Abhishek Pandey, and Srishti Mahajan (2014), Assessment of Renewable Energy in India, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 5, No. 5. VI Paulina Drożyner, Wojciech Rejmer, Piotr Starowicz,AndrzejKlasa, Krystyna A. Skibniewska (2013), Biomass as a Renewable Source of Energy, Technical Sciences 16(3), 211–220. VII Souvik Das, Swati Sikdar (2016), A Review on the Non-conventional Energy Sources in Indian Perspective, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 03 Issue: 02. VIII Maninder, Rupinderjit Singh Kathuria, Sonia Grover, Using Agricultural Residues as a Biomass Briquetting: An Alternative Source of Energy, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE), ISSN: 2278-1676 Volume 1, Issue 5 (July-Aug. 2012), PP 11-15. IX H.B.Goyal, DiptenduldDeal, R.C.Saxena (2006) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 12, Issue 2Pages 504-517. X Digambar H. Patil,
J
.
K
. Shinde(2017) A Review Paper on Study of Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Volume 4, Issue 4 XI Neil T.M. Duffy, John A. Eaton (2013) Investigation of factors affecting channelling in fixed-bed solid fuel combustion using CFD, Combustion and Flame 160, 2204–2220. XII Xing Wu, Kai
Li
, Feiyue and Xifeng Zhu (2017), Fluidization Behavior of Biomass Particles and its Improvement in a Cold Visualized Fluidized, Bio Resources 12(2), 3546-3559. XIII N.G. Deen, M. Van Sint Annaland, M.A. Van der Hoef,
J
.A.M. Kuipers (2007), Reviewof discrete particle modeling of fluidized beds, Chemical Engineering Science 62, 28 – 44. XIV BaskaraSethupathySubbaiah, Deepak Kumar Murugan, Dinesh Babu Deenadayalan, Dhamodharan.M.I (2014), Gasification of Biomass Using Fluidized Bed, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2. XV Priyanka Kaushal, Tobias Pröll and Hermann Hofbauer, Modelling and simulation of the biomass fired dual fluidized bed gasifier at Guessing/Austria. XVI Dawit DiribaGuta (2012), Assessment of Biomass Fuel Resource Potential and Utilization in Ethiopia: Sourcing Strategies for Renewable Energies, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, and No.1. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 AN APPROACH FOR OPTIMISING THE FLOW RATE CONDITIONS OF A DIVERGENT NOZZLE UNDER DIFFERENT ANGULAR CONDITIONS Authors: Lam Ratna Raju ,Ch. Pavan Satyanarayana,Neelamsetty Vijaya Kavya, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00054 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: A spout is a device which is used to offer the guidance to the gases leaving the burning chamber. Spout is a chamber which has a capability to change over the thermo-compound essentials created within the ignition chamber into lively vitality. The spout adjustments over the low speed, excessive weight, excessive temperature fuel in the consuming chamber into rapid gasoline of decrease weight and low temperature. An exciting spout is used if the spout weight volume is superior vehicles in supersonic airplane machines commonly combine a few sort of a distinctive spout. Our exam is surpassed on the use of programming like Ansys Workbench for arranging of the spout and Fluent 15.0 for separating the streams inside the spout. The events of staggers for the pipe formed spouts have been seen close by trade parameters for numerous considered one of a kind edges. The parameters underneath recognition are differentiated and that of shape spout for singular terrific edges by using keeping up the gulf, outlet and throat width and lengths of joined together and diverse quantities as same. The simultaneous component and throat expansiveness are kept regular over the cases.The surprise of stun became envisioned and the effects exhibited near closeness in direction of motion of Mach circle and its appearance plans as exposed in numerous preliminary considers on advancement in pipe molded particular spouts with assorted edges four°,7°, 10°, Occurrence of stun is seen with higher special factors Keywords: Nozzle,Supersonic Rocket Engine,Divergent edges, Refference: I. Varun, R.; Sundararajan,T.; Usha,R.; Srinivasan,ok.; Interaction among particle-laden under increased twin supersonic jets, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2010 224: 1005. II. Pandey,
K
.M.; Singh, A.P.; CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 2, August 2010, ISSN: 2010-0221. III. Natta, Pardhasaradhi.; Kumar, V.Ranjith.; Rao, Dr. Y.V. Hanumantha.; Flow Analysis of Rocket Nozzle Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622,Vol. 2, Issue five, September- October 2012, pp.1226-1235. IV.
K
.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh.
K
.M.Pandey, Member, IACSIT and S.
K
.YadavK.M.Pandey and S.
K
.Yadav, ―CFD Analysis of a Rocket Nozzle with Two Inlets at Mach2.1, Journal of Environmental Research and Development, Vol 5, No 2, 2010, pp- 308-321. V. Shigeru Aso, ArifNur Hakim, Shingo Miyamoto, Kei Inoue and Yasuhiro Tani ' Fundamental examine of supersonic combustion in natural air waft with use of surprise tunnel' Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kyushu University, Japan , Acta Astronautica 57 (2005) 384 – 389. VI. P. Padmanathan, Dr. S. Vaidyanathan, Computational Analysis of Shockwave in Convergent Divergent Nozzle, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622 , Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.1597-1605. VII. Adamson, T.C., Jr., and Nicholls.,
J
.A., 'On the shape of jets from Highly below improved Nozzles into Still Air,' Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol.26, No.1, Jan 1959, pp. Sixteen-24. VIII. Lewis, C. H., Jr., and Carlson, D.
J
., 'Normal Shock Location in underneath increased Gas and Gas particle Jets,' AIAA Journal, Vol 2, No.4, April 1964, pp. 776-777. Books IX. Anderson, John D.Jr.; Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective, Third edition, 2012 X. Versteeg. H.; Malalasekra.W.; An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics The Finite Volume Method, Second Edition,2009. XI. H.
K
.Versteeg and W.Malala Sekhara, 'An introduction to Computational fluid Dynamics', British Library cataloguing pub, 4th version, 1996. XII. Lars Davidson, 'An introduction to turbulenceModels', Department of thermo and fluid dynamics, Chalmers college of era, Goteborg, Sweden, November, 2003. XIII. Karna s. Patel, 'CFD analysis of an aerofoil', International Journal of engineering studies,2009. XIV.
K
.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh 'CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software,2017. XV. P. Parthiban, M. Robert Sagayadoss, T. Ambikapathi, Design And Analysis Of Rocket Engine Nozzle by way of the usage of CFD and Optimization of Nozzle parameters, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.Three., Issue.5., 2015 (Sept.-Oct.). View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVE SHAFT FOR AN AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS Authors: Govindarajulu Eedara,P. N. Manthru Naik, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00055 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: The driveshaft is a mechanical instrument that is used in automobiles. The other name of the drive shaft is driveshaft is prop shaft. It has one long cylindrical structure consist of two universal joints. By using the driveshaft it transfers the rotary motion to the differential by using the helical gearbox. By using this rotary motion the rare wheels will run. The 3dimensional Model of automobile drive Shaft is designed using CATIA parametric which enables product development processes and thereby brings about an optimum design. Now a day’s steel is using the best material for the driveshaft.In this paper replacing the composite materials (Kevlar, e-glass epoxy) instead of steel material and itreduces a considerable amount of weight when compared to the conventional steel shaft. The composite driveshaft have high modulus is designed by using CATIA software and tested in ANSYS for optimization of design or material check and providing the best datebook Keywords: The driveshaft ,CATIA,automobile,steel,composite materials,ANSYS,Kevla,e-glass epoxy, Refference: I A.R. Abu Talib, Aidy Ali, Mohamed A. Badie, Nur Azienda Che Lah, A.F. Golestaneh Developing a hybrid, carbon/glass-fiber-reinforced, epoxy composite automotive driveshaft, Material and Design, volume31, 2010, pp 514 – 521 II ErcanSevkat, Hikmet Tumer, Residual torsional properties of composite shafts subjected to impact Loadings, Materials, and design, volume – 51, 2013, pp -956-967. III H. Bayrakceken, S. Tasgetiren, I. Yavuz two cases of failure in the power transmission system on vehicles: A Universal joint yoke and a drive shaft, volume-14,2007,pp71. IV H.B.H. Gubran, Dynamics of hybrid shafts, Mechanics Research communication, volume – 32, 2005, pp – 368-374. V Shaw D, Simitses DJ, SheinmanI. Imperfection sensitivity of laminated cylindrical shells in torsion and axial compression. ComposStruct 1985; 4(3) pp:35–60. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AN SI ENGINE USING E10 EQUIVALENT TERNARY GASOLINE- ALCOHOL BLENDS
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JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
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César Augusto Restrepo Valencia, Consuelo Vélez Álvarez Abstract Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of calcineurin ciclosporin and tacrolimus inhibitors to induce remission in patients with refractory lupus nephritis. Patients, materials and methods. Patients with lupus nephritis class IV-G who despite receiving therapy with high doses of steroid and with a cytostatic (cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate) for 3 months had not been able to induce some kind of remission.The exclusion criteria were creatinine levels greater than 3 mg / dl, pregnancy, previous history of exposure to calcineurin inhibitors, cancer, active infections, uncontrolled hypertension, and negligence with medication intake. The recommended dose of cyclosporine was 3 mg / kg / day and tacrolimus 0.1 mg / kg / day, in joint with prednisone 0.3 mg / kg / day, cyclophosphamide 1 mg / kg / day or mycophenolate mofetil 1 gram every 12 hours. The cyclophosphamide was administered only during 6 months, after which it was changed to azathioprine at doses of 1 mg / kg / day. Still, mycophenolate was continued at the same dose. All patients completed a minimum period of 12 months follow-up, it was considered that patients achieved partial remission when proteinuria decreased by 50% of the baseline value or its value decreased to less than 1 gram in 24 hours, decrease of leukocytes count and red blood cells in urine of 50%, and creatinine values were stable. A complete remission was considered when there was a reduction in proteinuria in a value less than 300 mg per 24 hours, urinary sediment with less than 3 red blood cells, less than 5 leukocyte for each high power microscopic field, and a creatinine value reduction by 50% or reaching a normal value. Results. Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria and initiated the calcineurin inhibitor protocol. Two presented accelerated deterioration in their function and required chronic dialysis therapy. Ten patients with active treatment completed 12 months of follow-up, of which 4 (40%) had partial remission (PR), 5 (50%) complete remission (RC). One patient had no significant modification to his baseline values. The following findings were made for all the patients with any significant degree of remission: their creatinine levels were reduced significantly from an average value of 1,34 +/-0,7 mg/dl to an average of 0,96 +/- 0,3 mg/dl and 0,97 +/- 0,24 mg/dl for measurements taken 6 and 12 months respectively after the start of the treatment (p<0,05). The protein levels in the urine in a timeframe of 24 hours changed from a baseline value of 2865 +/- 2586.7 milligrams to 824 +/- 981.9 milligrams at 6 months, and 488 +/- 697.7 milligrams at 12 months (p <0.05). On average, in both PR and CR patients, the C3 levels raised unlike the values for antinuclear antibodies that were diminished. No patients died, nor were there significant side effects triggered by medications. No patient presented relapses during the follow-up time. Conclusion. The calcineurin inhibitors at low doses are an important alternative to induce partial or complete remission in patients with refractory lupus nephritis compared to classic steroid and cytostatic treatment. It is required to do a long-term follow-up to establish its safety profile at low doses and relapse rate after suspension. Keywords Lupus nephritis, cyclosporine, tacrolimus. References Cameron
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Exp Med 2012;227:281-288. Chen W, Liu Q, Chen W, Tang X, Fu P, Liu F, Liao Y, Yang Z, Zhang
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, Chen
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Z, Yu X. Outcomes of maintenance therapy with tacrolimus versus azathioprine for active lupus nephritis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Lupus 2012;21:944-952. Full Text: PDF (Español (España)) PDF DOI: 10.22265/acnef.1.2.179 Refbacks There are currently no refbacks. Copyright (c) User Username Password Remember me This journal follows the principles and procedures given by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) www.publicationethics.org Instructions for authors How to submit an article How to upload a modified version Instructions for reviewers How to review an article Instructions for associate editors How to send it to reviewers How to send corrections to authors Language Select Language Journal Content Search Search Scope Browse By Issue By Author By Title About The Authors César Augusto Restrepo Valencia Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia Colombia Consuelo Vélez Álvarez Grupo de Investigación Promoción de la Salud y revención de la enfermedad, Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública Colombia Font Size Make font size smaller Make font size default Make font size larger Information For Readers For Authors For Librarians Indexaciones JournalTOCs Notifications View Subscribe Keywords Adolescence Biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solutions Chronic renal disease Glucose degradation products (GDP) Rejection chronic renal insufficiency education. fatty acids folic acid graft biopsy inflammation, Polivinil chloride (PVC), phthalates kidney Transplant peritoneal dialysis proteins. renal protection residual renal function. scintigraphy survival transition transplant. zinc
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César Augusto Restrepo Valencia
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Consuelo Vélez Álvarez
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Revista Colombiana de Nefrología, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 77-88 (2014)
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